stevens



(NoMod'el.; s s het-sh'eet 1, 4W. GLASGOW & S. S.. STEVENS.

BELL CORD PoR. CARS,

-N0.s79,459. i PatentedMagr.13,1883;

(No Model.) l 4- l-sfneens-Sh'et 2. W. GLASGOW S. SSTBVENS.

BELL CORD'FOR GARS.

Pater-18888181. 18, 1888.

waz/7B 55E 5 (No Model.) i 6 Sheets-$11888 `8.

W'. GLASGOW 81: S. S.4 STEVENS.

BELL CORD FUR CARS.

N O. 878,459. 8 Patented. M81. 18, 1888.

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8 Invia/72,1725'v i (Nomea-elf) 8 A fssheets-sheet4.Y W. GLASGOW Ain S.S. STEVENS.

BELL CORD FOR GARS.

1510878459. Patented M81. `-18,1888.

IWI film' Hl im! AIIIIIIIIUI (No Model.)

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Mga/Le l Qu/M y w. GLASGOW & S. S. STEVE 6 Sheets-.SVIIetf NS.

BELL GORDEFOE GARS. j

Patrented'Mar. 13,1888.

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(No Model.)

W. GLASGOW avis. s@ STEVENS.

B'LL CORD POR GARS.

' `10,379,459 Patented Mar'. 13,.1888.

CLOSED.

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| Vz5 L OPE/v ily- F;v im@ .54' l Hfs CLOSED Y Witnesses.

oPEN

y I Vi i OPEN Inventors: f Glasgow. -}S'a.ue1;S'.,S'evens.f

N. PEI'ERS. PholO-Likhugnpher. Wzlnlvg ggggg C.

G'Shets-#Sheet 6.

l .UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM GLASGOV AND SAMUEL S. STEVENS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AS- SIGNORSTO THE COMBINED ELECTRIC AND TRIP BELL CORD COMPANY.

BELL--CORD Foa CARS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 379,459, dated March13, 1888.

Application led May i8, 1886. Serial No. 202,588. (No model.) y

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Beit known that we, WILLIAM GLAsGow and SAMUEL S. STEVENS, citizens ofthe United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of 5 Cook andState of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Combined Mechanicaland Electric Signaling Apparatus for Trains, of which the following is aspecification.

The object of our invention is to provide a Io signaling device forVtrains which may be operated either by hand, in the ordinary way, orelectrically, to convey the proper signals to the locomotive-cab; andthe invention consists in' the appliances and combinations hereinafterI5 described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is an elevation of the couplingbetween two pieces of cord; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section of suchcoupler; Fig. 3, a plan view of the electric 2o switch, particularlyshowing the wire connections; Fig. 4, an elevation of theshell ofthecoupler, showing the catch and lockg-Fig. 5, a perspective view of thelocking-tube; Fig. 6, an end View ofthe coupler; Fig. 7, au elevation ofthe dummy and hook for the rear end of the cord; Fig. 8, an elevationofthe coupler, showing a modification ofthe lock; Fig. 9, an elevationofthe lock shown in Fig. 8; Fig. l0,

` an elevation of the circuit'closer;V Fig. l1, a

3o longitudinal section showing the inside parts `of the circuit-closer;Fig. 12, a side elevation of the circuit-closer with the spring off loshow the loops together and the circuit thus closed; Fig. 13, anelevation, and Figs, 14 and l5 longitudinal sections, the first showingthe conl nection of the circuit-closer to the rope, the second thecircuit opened, and the third the circuit closed; Fig. 16. a sideelevation, and Fig. 17 a plan view, of the electric and trip 4o bell inthe locomotive-cab; Fig. 18, a side view ofa freight-train with ourimproved signalingcord applied, such cord extending over the tops of thecars, except as to the cabbose; and Fig. 19, a side View of apassenger-train with our improved signaling cord applied, the samepassing through the cars in` the usual way. Fig. 20 is a diagram of theelectric circuits and connections employed in our improved signalingsystem. Figs. 2l and 22 are plans showing 5o the wires, bells,cireuitclosers, Src., in use, as

hereinafter pointed out.

In carrying out our invention we use a combined hand-operated andelectric bell-cord of substantially the size and appearance of theordinary bell-cord used on passenger-trains. Within the cord,however,`we arrange, say, three electric Wires properly insulated orcovered with a non-conducting material, so that the electricity cannotpass from one wire to the other. Thesewires may be composed of a numberof smaller wires, forming a cable, so as to secure pliability in thecompleted bellcord..

These electric wires may be purchased as are other electrical goods,wound together, and the whole covered with any suitable material to givethe cord the appearance of the ordinary bell-cord and to render itwater-proof.

1 The bell-cord may be made in sections, each the length of the car, andthe sections may be coupled together for adaptation to a train of anynumber ofcars in the same manner that the ordinary bell-cord is hookedtogether, except that in our cord the coupling must be of such acharacter as to form electric connection between the wires in theseveral sections.

We prefer to make the bell-cord, battery, and bell with which it isconnected, and which together constitute the signaling apparatus,removable and portable, whereby the parts shall form no part of the carsor their iixtures, and be transferable to, and usable with other carsand trains, so that when a train has reached `its destination ourelectric plant may be taken out as readily asthe ordinary bell-cord isdetached'from one train and put into another.

To connect the sections of cord together between the several carscomposing a train, we have made a coupling particularly shown in Figs. 1to 9, inclusive. By reference to these figures, and particularly to Fig.2, it will be seen that the main parts X and Y of the reA spective endsections of the bell-cord coupler are wedge shaped or reciprocally andmutually prepared to lie and lit against each other, so that when thetwo are placed in position together they will form a piece of a propersize and shape to constitute'a part of the bell-cord and to be inclosedin the shell of the coupling, as shown in Fig. l. Each of these pieces Xand Y is made of insulating` material, and is preferably provided with acatch or hook, A, pivoted, as shown, and adapted to be slid over a studor projection, B, being held securely in position by the shoulder a. Aspring, b, assists in keeping the shoulder in engagement with thelockingstud. To more ei'ectually lock the main parts X and Y together,an outer metallic shell, C, capable of being partially turned and havinga projecting piece,

c, may be employed, it being adapted to be turned so that the projectingpieces will rest over the ends of the hooks A and prevent their beingraised, as shown in Fig. 2. To uncouple theconnection, this shell Cshould be turned in the opposite directionuntil the projecting piece cno longer rests over the ends of the hooks A, when the spring b may bedepressed and the parts readily disconnected.

lIhe wires D in the bell cord un'der the halves of the coupler, as shownin Figs. 2 and 3, are held at the screws or rivets d d and d. v(See Fig.3.) The screw d extends to or is in contact with the metallic shoulderE, which incases the coupling immediately under the locking-shoulder C.The head of the screw or rivet d extends far enough above the surfacesof the parts X and Yto be rubbed or touched by the metal casing E,thereby forming a me dium for t-he passage of the electric fluid fromthe wires into such casing. The heads of the 'screws or rivets d d,which form the termination of two of the electric wires, are so arrangedin each of the halves of the coupler that they will be in contact witheach other when the sections of cord are coupled together, thus forminga. connection and continuation of the electric wires from one section ofthe bellcord to the other. In this way the electric wires in thebell-cord are connected and continued from section to section to anydesired extent and throughout the length of the train. screws or rivetsd d they pass around orl in connection with two'other screws or rivets,d2 di. (Shown in Fig. 3.) One of these screws also holds a switch, F,provided with an eXtension, f, and astnd or pivot, f'. The extension j,while the sections of the bell-cord are connected in their normalcondition, has no union with any of the other wires of the bell-cord,and the pivot f rests in a cam or groove,f2, in the opposite half of thecoupler. When the parts are pulled asunder, this pivot f', following thegroove f2, will cause the projection f of the 'switch F to be thrownaround upon and in contact with the screw or rivet Z2 of the other twowires extending along the half of the coupler to the screws d d. In thisway, should the train become accidentally parted, an automaticconnection will be formed as one section of the bell-cord is torn fromthe other and an electric current caused to flow through the remainingsections ofthe cord in the cars still attached to the locomotive.Therefore the bell in the cab will be rung and intelligence oftheaccident conveyed to the engineer;

In putting the parts of the'coupler together the stud f of the switch Fwill follow the Before the wires terminate in the.-

groove f 2, sowas to carry the extension f of the switch F away from theother of the two rivets d2 di and prevent the forming of a connectionand leave the switch open, so that it may be formed at any point alongthe bell-cord where a coupler happens to be broken by an accident to thetrain. Of course it will be understood that each half of the coupler isprovided with the Various features and appliances described above, andwhich are shown in the half of the coupler represented in Fig. 3.

To insure the parting of the cord at the coupler so as to form anautomatic connection, as above described, the coupler is so constructedthat when locked together it will -unlock before the breaking'strengthlof the completed bell-cord is reached.

InfFig. 8 we have represented a somewhat different device for lockingthe couplers together.

In this device the metal shell E isV provided with bands e at the endswhere they come together. The locking-shell C has a projection, c', asshown in Fig. 9. The rear end of this shell is connected with a spring,e', coiled around a portion of the sliell E, and which has a tendency topush the locking-shell forward. The projection c on the shell C catchesbehind the rings or projections e' on the ends of the shell E, as shownin Fig. 8, and securely holds the parts of the coupler together. Touncouple it the shells Gare turned partially around until the shouldersor hooks on the projections c are turned beyond the ends of the bands eon the shoulder E, when the shell C may be pressed back against the IOOresistance of the springs e and the pieces slid apart. The otherarrangements of the coupler where this form of fastening device is usedare the same as those above described.

To attach the wires in the bell-cord to those in the coupler, and socontinue the circuit, a

metallic cone, H, is provided to unite the coupler to the' bell-cord, asshown in Figs. l and 2.

This cone is arranged to be screwed IIO onto the end of the metallicshoulder E ofthe v made in sections or pieces similar to the splitscrew, well known in mechanics and repre.- sented in Fig. 6. A metallicnut, It, is provided, as shown, which may be screwed up to bring theends of the cone H as closely together and clamp them as tightly ontothe end ofthe bell cord as may be desired. In this way a secure andconvenient fastening is effected between the bell-cord and the partsconstituting-'the coupler.

Up to this point we have described the bellcord and the coupler'by whichthe different sections of cord are connected between the cars, and bywhich the circuit is closed and the current of'electricityfcaused tosignal the engineer in case of a breaking apart of the cars of' thetrain at any point. `We will now de- 'scribe the means employed forclosing the circuit when the conductor or passengers find it necessaryto signal the engineer by hand. This is accomplished by means of acircuitcloser. (Shown in detail in Figs. 10, 11,12, 13, 14, and' 15, andalso in Fig. 19, where it may be seen adapted to a passenger-train.) Toform this circuit-closer, we take a short section of coiledspring, I,(seen in Fig. 10,) which is attached to the bell-oord (see Fig. 11) bymeans ofthe cones and nuts heretofore designated by H and It. Thisspring I guards the loops tl, hereinafter described, and spring fi fromstrain and brings the cord back into a loop when released, so as todisconnect the circuit. Vithin this coiled spring I is another and muchsmaller coiled spring, t', terminating in a metallic sliding piece, i',which tits intoa barrel, 2, and is connected with a coiled spring, i3,in said barrel. The barrel '2 is connected to the bell-cord by means ofcoils of wire, t", coiled partly around the hell-cord, then through it,so as to come in contact with the electric Wire L, and then around ametallic clip, h', of the barrel t2. The electric wires in the bell-cordare insulated; but the insulation is removed from the Wire L at thepoint where the Wire t* comes in contact with it, so that a current ofelectricity can pass from the Wire L up into the metallic barrel t2through the clip h. Instead of wires, a band or any other conductingattachment may be used. The clip It of the barrel i2 is preferably bent,

`so as to partially embrace the bell-cord to facilitate the binding ofit to the cord by the Wire it. The barrel 2 has a piece of insulatingmaterial, r9,Wrapped around it, preferably a short distance from thepoint where it is connected to the bell-cord by means of the clip h andthe wire it. A metallic tongue, if', hereinafter described, is laidagainst this insulating body and'tirxuly secured thereto by means' of awire, is, coiled around the insulated portion ofthe sliding barrel t andthe metallic tongue 135, the wire s dipping into the bell-cord andcoming in contact with the electric Wire M, which has its insulationremoved at this point, so that the electric current can be carried upfrom the Wire M into the metallic tongue t5 which as above stated isinsulated from the barrel 2. Another piece of insulating material, Iim,is then wrapped around the bell-cord and the barrel iz, so as to coverand protect the wire is. This insulating body is shown in Fig. 13V readyto be applied. In stead of Wires, a band or any other conductingattachment may be employed.

The sliding piece i' is notched, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, and theliexible tongue of metal if is att-ached to the barrel i2 with abentend, i6, turning rdown into the notch in the sliding piece t.

it Will not be charged with electricity until the connection is madebetween it and the sliding piece i, 'as hereinafter described. In-

The tongue i5 is insulated from the barrel fia, as above'described, sothat stead of insulating this tongue t5, however, the sliding piece t"may be insulated, except the spot notin contact with the barrel i?, butwhich is brought into contact with the tongue i5 when the sliding piecet" is drawn out. This can best be effected by leaving the end of thenotch in the sliding piece where it strikes the tongue bare or exposed.

The spring t', attached to one end of the slid-' ing piece i',terminates in a hook or loop, tl, which rests in another hook or loop ina piece of wire going forward and attached to the collar Where the otherconnection is made with the bell-rope, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12.These loops of wire are disengaged from each other in their normalposition and the bellcord is made slack between the bands where it isconnected by the nuts h h. Theloops are held disengaged by the spring Iuntil the spring is expanded by pulling on the bellcord. When thebell-cord is pulled,the loops 'il are drawn together, the spring t isexpanded, andthe bell-cord straightened out, as shown in Fig. 12. At thesame time the sliding piece fi will be brought in contact with the bentend i6 ofthe tongueias shownin Fig. 15. At this point the electricityWill pass from one to the other, the circuity Will be completed, and theelectricity caused to signal the engineerin the cab of the locomotive.When the pulling on the bell-cord' has been discontinued, the parts Willreturn to their normal condition and the circuit be broken by meansofthe spring i, which will draw the sliding piece z" back from contactwith the tongue 115 into the-position shown in Fig. 14. One of thesecircuit-closers should be inserted in each pas- Y senger-car, as theyare intended to enable the conductor or passengers, by pulling on thebell-cord, to signal the engneer.` While, therefore, the couplings aredesigned to close the circuit automatically when an accident occurs tothe train, these circuit-closets are, as indicated, also adapted toeffect the closing of thel circuit by hand and at the will of any personpulling the bell-cord.

We have thus described the construction of the bell-cord, the means forattaching the sections together between the cars, aud the means forclosing the circuit Whenever the bell-cord is pulled by hand.

We will now describe the construction and arrangement of the bellfastened on the metallic frame J in the cab of the locomotive, by meansof which the engineer is signaled. As this bell is intended to serve adouble purpose-viz., to be rung by hand, as by the medium of an ordinarybell-cord, and also by the electric current-it isacombined trip andelectric bell. The trip-hammerj is mounted on a rod supported in Ways orguidesjj2, which permit it to be. drawn back or moved endwise. It isprovided With a coiled springji, which holds the hammerj iu closeproximity to the bell. or gong. A pivoted lever, y, is attached, by aWire or other suitable means, to the forward end of the bell-cord. It isheld in its IIO normal position by a coiled spring, jf, sufficientlyforward to permit the trip-ham mer to remain in its normal position. Theupper end of' the lever j* rests against a shoulder, j, on

the rod to which the hammer j is attached, and its end extends beyond aninclined piece,j7, against which it slides and by which it is raisedwhen drawn back by pulling the bellcord. lf the bell-cord be now drawnby hand, the lever j* will be drawn back, and with it will be drawn backthe rod or piece on which the hammer j is fastened, and the springs j*and f will be extended. As the upper end of the leverj4 moves back, itwill come in contact with the incline j?, which will gradually lift itout of its seat, where it rests against the shoulder j on the rod orlever carrying the hammerj. When it is drawn back to a certain point andhas carried the hammer back a sufficient distance from the bell, theinclined surface raises the lever j* entirely out of the seat, and therod or piece carrying the hammer j is released. The recoil of the springj" immediately carries the hammer against the bell and produces onestroke of the same. The force exerted on the bell-cord being nowrelaxed, the lever j* is drawn by the springj5 back into its place infront of the shoulderj, when it is in position for a repetition of thestroke. In this way any number of successive strokes of the bell may begiven by hand. Of course Ain pulling the bell-cord byhand to producethese strokes by the trip-hammer the circuitl will be closed, as abovedescribed. Therefore the current of electricity will cause the bell tobe rung or jingled at the same time that the trip-hammer is operated byhand.

Y We will now describe this feature of the bell.

The three electric wires from the bell-cord are carried to dierentfastenings or bindingposts and secured in any proper way. One of thesewires-viz., that marked K-is intended to enable the engineer to signalback to the conductor, and passes from the end of,

the bell-cord under a staple or other device adapted to hold it inposition, and is con nected to one contact of the push-button K', whereit ends. A short wire, lh, extends from the other contact ofthepush-button K' to the insulated binding-post K2. Thiswire is onlycalledinto operation when the push-button K is'pressed upon by theengineer for the purpose of signaling the conductor.

Of course it will be understood that each passenger-car will be providedwith a bell, J', or other device on which the current of electricity mayoperate, so as to produce a sound in each passenger-car, and thus informthe conductor, wherever he may be, that the engineer .desires tocommunicate with him. In addition to this, the bells J' in each car arearranged in multiple cireuit,so that the parting of the coupling of thebell-cord between any two cars will not only ring the bell J in the cab,but also all of the bells J' in the cars be` tween the cab and thepointwhere the break occurs. For this purpose the battery must belocated between the point of parting andA the cab. Thus in Fig. 19 thebattery Q is shown placed in the baggage-car next to the locomotive andin Fig. 20 in the locomotive-cab. It also follows that the closing ofthe circuit through the circuit-closer in any one car will -ring thebell in the cab and the bells J throughout the train, signaling both theconductor and the engineer, as will be readily understood from thedescription of Figs. 17 and 20. Another one of these wires (marked L) isconnected to the binding-post K2,where it terminates. The third wire, M,passes through a staple immediately after leaving the end ofthebell-cord and across to the binding-post m', where it ends. From thisbinding-post m' the electric fluid passes through the metallic frame Jto the cores of the electro-magnets, so as to exert its force on thearmature n.

The arrangement of the circuit on the bell J for the wires K L Mis shownin Figs. 1'7,where the rear of the metallic plate is seen on which thebell is mounted. The circuit from the binding-post K2 is continuedthrough the electromagnet by the wire L', connecting the bindingpost .K2with one terminal of the coil,while the other terminal is connectedthrough thewire L2 to the insulated contact m2. An armature, n, un-

Y der the'electro-magnets is pivoted at n', so that it canvibrate freelyup and down between the ends of theelectro-magnets and theinsulatedvibrating post m2. A rod extending from the end of thisarmature is provided with a hammer, O, which strikes against the bellasthe armature is vibrated between the electro-magnets and the insulatedvibrating post m2. A spring, O', on an extension of the armature beyondthe point where itis pivoted is opened slightly as the hammer is drawnagainst the bell, its tension tending to draw the hammer away from thebell at every stroke, and thus assist in drawing the armature againstthe insulated contact m2, whereupon the circuit is completed through thearmature, the metallic plate on which the bell is mounted, bindingpostm', and line M. On the closing of the circuit, as described, theelectro-magnet is ener-4 gized and the armature attracted away from theinsulated contact m2, extending the spring O and breaking the circuitthrough the armature. It will thus be seen that when the electric circuitis closed the hammer O will constantly vibrate between theelectro-magnets and vibrating post m2, so as to keep up a constanttapping or jingling of the bell. `On the pulling apart of the couplingthe circuit is also completed between the wires K and L, and the bells Jin the respective cars included in the circuit between L and M areoperated upon, so that the conductor and passengers will know that thebell in the cab of the locomotive is being operated and the engineerproperly signaled.

Thus on the closing of the contacts of the coupling X' Y' the currentfrom the battery Q flows through the wire K, part X of X Y, the unitedcontacts X' Y' by the line L to l,

IOO

IIO

where the current divides, one part tlowing through the bell J' and backto the battery Q through the line M, connected with the other terminalof the battery, the other part of the current owing through the line L,bindingscrew K2, line L', the coils of the electro-magnet, line L2,insulated. contact m, armature n, metallic back plate of J, stop m', andline M,

returning to the battery, and thus actuating the bell in the eab.

'In Fig. 18 we have shown a portion of a freight-train provided vwithour invention. As the cord passes over the tops of the cars and onlyenters the caboose atiits rear end, the circuit-@losers above describedmay be dispensed with and only the couplings between sections which areused to signal the engineer when the train is broken apart from anycause employed, except in the Caboose, where a circuit-closer should lbeused, so that the conductor or passengers in the Caboose could signalthe engineeras occasion should require.

In Fig. 19 we have represented a section of a passenger-train, where thevarious parts are shown as hereinbefore-described. 1n the baggage-carnext to the locomotive a battery, Q, is placed, and in the passenger-caris the bell J The end of the bell-cord as it extends from the rear caris provided witha hook, on which another section of a common cord orbell-rope may be attached, if desired.

Fig. 2O is aview of the wires composing the pull-cord and of theconnections, 85e., of the different electrical conductors. In this gure,M is the insulated wire, extending from the negative pole of the batterythrough the train of cars, and having branch connections with one of thebinding-posts of the electric bells J', arranged throughout the train ofcars, and also with one of the binding-posts of the electrolnagnets ofthe signal-bell in the locomotivecab through the uninsulatedbinding-post m',

Y which communicates through the metallic base J of the bell with thecoils of the electro-magnet. K is an insulated wire extending from thepositive pole of the battery Q through the train of cars, and havingconnection with the push-button K', arranged upon the frameJ of thesignal-bell in the locomotive-cab, and through a branch wire and theinsulated binding-post K2 with the helix-of the electro niagnet, and bycontacts Y X z" and branch wires to the other binding-posts of theelectric bells J', located in the cars, as illustrated in Figs. 17 and20. The circuits in this ligure are identical with those alreadydescribed in Fig. 17. The circuit between the first coupling, X Y, andthe bell J in the locomotive-cab operates that bell alone when the trainseparates at the coupling X Y, the course of the circuit being from thebattery Q, through the line K, coupling X Y, line L, magnet-coils, andline owing-through them instead of through the` coupling-contacts, inorder to follow the same path. The resistance of the branch circuitsthrough the bells J' in the cars is so proportioned with respect to thatof the circuit through the bell J in the cab as to cause a current to bediverted vthrough each sufficient to actuate the bells.

In Fig. 20 we show the bells J'connectedin multiple arc; but it isobvious that they may be connected in series as well by looping theminto either the wire M or L.

We prefer to have the battery Q and the bells made detachable from thecars and the cab. To accomplish this the battery may be placed upon ashelf and the bells hung on hooks or slid into brackets or frames in thecars and inv the cab of the locomotive, or othel` convenient means maybe employed. When thus detachably connected, the several parts can beremoved with the bell-cord and put 1n position in another train withabout the same -ease withwhieh the ordinary bell-cord is now removedfromone train and placed in another.

Fig. 21 is a plan view showing the bell in the locomotive-cab, the bellin the baggagecar, and the bells in three passenger-cars, with thenecessary connections, circuit-closers, battery, &c., the circuit beingclosed in the central passenger-car and open at the cab and at the firstand rear passenger-cars.

In Fig. 21 the signal is supposed to be given from the centralpassenger-car, the circuit being closed by the union of the contacts.The result is the ringing of all the bells in the circuit, including thebell in the cab. The course of the current is indicated by the arrows.Thus, starting from the battery Q, the current runs back `to the tonguei5 and the sliding piece t' across to the wire L, where it divides. Oneportion of the current then passes to the bells in the threepassenger-cars and to the battery Q, thus completing the circuit forthem. The other portion of the current takes the wire L to thebinding-post K2, and, passing through the coils of the magnet (not shownin Fig. 2l) and the wire M to the battery, completes the circuit for thebell in the cab and the baggage-car.' Thus all the bells aresimultaneously rung. It will be seen that the three Wires are necessaryin all cases to complete a circuit, and also that only that portion ofthe wire K situated between the battery and the circuit-closer in use isin circuit. y

Fig. 22 is a plan view showing the same elements seen in Fig. 21; buthere the circuitclosers in the cars are open and the push-button on thebell in the cab is closed. Here the wire k* is called into requisition,and on closing the push-button K' the current flows from the-battery Qthrough the wire K, through the push-button K', and through the wire k*to the binding-post K2, where the current divides. One portion of thecurrent goes back through the wire L to the last bell on the train andreturns by the Wire M to the battery. The other portion of the currentows through the coils IIO of the magnet and returns through the wireM tothebattery. Only that portion ofthe wire K which is situated between thebattery and the push-button K is in circuit; but the result is theringing of all the bells shown in the gure. Having described ourinvention, we claiml. In a combined mechanical and electric signalingapparatus for trains, a continuous pull bell-cable comprising a numberof insulated electric wires, and providing within itself and throughoutits entire length multiple and continuous conductors, in combinationwith a mechanically-operated signal, an electric battery, an electricbell or bells, and means for closing the circuit from one to the otherof said conductors, by which entire apparatus the engineer may bemechanically or electrically signaled, substantially as described.

'2. In a combined mechanical and electric signaling apparatus fortrains, a continuous pull bell-cable comprising a number of insu` latedelectric wires and providing within itself and throughout its entirelength multiple and continuous conductors, in combination with amechanically-operated signal, an electric battery, an electric bell orbells, and means whereby on drawing on the cable used 1n giving themechanical signal the circuit from one to the other of said conductorsmay be closed and the engineer electrically signaled, substantially1 asdescribed.

-3. In a combined mechanical and electric signaling apparatus fortrains, a pull bellcable comprising a number of insulated electric'wires, movable longitudinally in use, and providmg within itself andthroughout its entire length multiple and continuous conductors, incombination with a mechanicallyoperated signal, an electric battery, anelectric bell 0r bells, and means for closing the circuit between saidconductors and electrically signallng the engineer and conductor by theaccidental breaking or separation of the cars, substantially asdescribed.

4. In a combined mechanical and electric signaling apparatus for trains,a pull bell-cable comprising a number of insulated electric wires,movable longitudinally, and providing Within itself and throughout itsentire length multiple and continuous conductors, in combination with asignal manually operated through the medium of the cable, an electricbattery, an electric bell or bells, and a device on the cable adapted byapull thereon to complete the circuit between two of said conductors, incombination with anelectric battery, a signal manually operated throughthe medium of the cable, an electric bell or bells arranged in one ormore cars of the train7 and acircuitcloser admitting of the operation ofthe electric signa-lV by the engineer, substantially as described.

6. In a combined mechanical and electrical signaling apparatus fortrains, a mechanical alarm and an electrical alarm arranged in theforward part of the train, and a pull-cable eX- tending through thetrain, comprising two or more conductors, between two of which circuitmay be closed, and connecting with botli the mechanical and electricalalarms, combined with circuit-closers placed at proper intervals on thecable, and an electric battery, substantially as set forth.

7. The sections of a train pull bell-cable comprising a number ofinsulated electric wires, and providing within itselfand throughout itsentire length multiple and continuous conductors', combined withmechanically and electrically operated alarms and a coupling normally inopen circuit and placed in closed circuit by the separation of itsparts, substantially as described.

8. The sectionsV of a train pull bell-cable comprising a number ofinsulated electric wires, and providing within itself and throughout itsentire length multiple and continuous conductors, combined with acoupling having two main parts, X and Y, with reciprocallyprepared andcontinuous surfaces provided with insulated contact-points d2, and aswitch, F, having a point or stud, f', resting in a curvedgroove or cam,f2, in the opposite surface, whereby the switch is held out ofcommunication with the insulated contact-points when the coupling is inits normal position and brought into contact when the main parts areseparated, substantially as described.

9. In a combined mechanical and electrical signaling apparatus fortrains, a circuit-closer comprising a barrel having electric connectionwith the positive conductor of the bell-cable, a metallic piece ortongue attached to the barrel in an insulated condition and havingconnection with the negative wire of the bellcable, and a sliding piecearranged in such barrel and adapted to be drawn forward to complete thecircuit between the barrel and tongue by a pull on the bell-cable,combined with said bell-cable, comprising two or more electricconductors made continuous past said circuit-closer, and with amechanical and an electrical alarm, both operated throughythe mediumofthe same cable, substantially as described.

l0.. A combined trip and electrical bell IOO IIO

comprising electro-magnets, an armature, an l electric hammer connectedtherewith, electric wires, a trip-hammer and rod, a lever restingagainst, a shoulder on such rod, an inclined surface to gradually liftthe lever out of contact with the shoulder as the same is drawn back,and so release the trip-hammer and rod,

and means for impelling an electric current through the electric wiresand electro-magnets in such bell and for drawing back the lever andtrip-hammer and rod, substantially as de- 5 scribed.

11. In an electric signaling apparatus, a bel-lcable comprising a numberof insulated electric wires and the whole covered with waterproofcasing, movable longitudinally in use, in

1o combination with an electric battery and electric bell or bells, acoiled spring, I, forming a loop in the bell-cord, and a smallertensionspring and regulating-loops therein, whereby the sliding piece iin the barrel is drawn for- 15 ward into Contact with the tongue 415,thus completing the circuit, substantially as de scribed.

l2. In a train-signaling apparatus, the mechanical and electrical alarmsand a pullcable extending through the train and con- 2o nected with saidmechanical and electrical alarms, and comprising Within itself two ormore conductors, combined with suitable circuit-closers between saidconductors, and an electric battery, substantially as set forth.

WILLIAM GLASGOW. SAMUEL S. STEVENS.

' Witnesses:

EPHRAIM BANNING, THOMAS A. BANNING.

